PRACTICAL QUESTIONS
THEORY QUESTIONS
PRACTICAL ANSWERS
(1a)
-Specimen A:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Wooden feed troughs are commonly used to provide feed and forage to livestock animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats
(ii) Wooden feed troughs are particularly useful for feeding young or bottle-fed animals
(iii) wooden troughs can also be used as watering stations for animals.
-Specimen C:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Chicken wire mesh is often used in gardens to protect plants from animals, such as rabbits, squirrels, and other small pests
(ii) Chicken wire mesh is extensively used for constructing enclosures and fencing for poultry, including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and other birds
(iii) Chicken wire mesh can be used to construct compost bins or compost enclosures.
(1b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Wood can attract pests such as termites, ants, or rodents, which can cause damage to the feed troughs.
(ii) wood can absorb moisture and bacteria making it difficult to clean and sanitize
(iii) wood can crack and splinter creating sharp edges that can injure the birds
(iv) wood can be more expensive than other materials like plastic or metal
(v) wood can break down over time and require frequent replacement.
(vi) Wooden feed troughs are susceptible to damage and deterioration over time, especially in the presence of moisture, humidity, and exposure to animal waste
(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It is durable and long-lasting
(ii) It is resistant to moisture and bacteria
(iii) It is relatively cheap compared to other materials like metal.
*(iv) It is easy to clean*
*(v) It can be easily moved about*
(1di)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) it is strong and durable providing protection from predators
(ii) it allows for good ventilation while also keeping birds contained
(iii) it is relatively cheap and easy to work with.
*(iv) It often has transparent or translucent sides, allowing farmers to easily monitor the feed levels without needing to open or disturb the feeder.*
*(v) They are designed to protect the feed from contamination and spoilage*
(1dii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
-Rabbits
*-Guinea pigs*
-Goats
-Reptiles
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(2a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Thorough Cleaning and disinfection.
(ii) Temperature regulation
(iii) Bedding preparation.
(iv) Feeder and waterer setup.
(v) Inspection of the ventilation system.
(vi) Setting up the brooder equipment.
(2bi)
HIGH:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Chicks may spread their wings away from their body to promote heat dissipation.
(ii) Chicks will open their beaks wide and breathe.
(iii) They may become more active, constantly moving around.
(iv) They may become less interested in feeding.
(2bii)
LOW:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Chicks will tend to huddle together to conserve heat.
(ii) Chicks may exhibit increased vocalization or chirping.
(iii) Chicks may become less active.
(iv) Chicks will fluff up their feathers to trap air.
(2biii)
MODERATE:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) The chicks will be active and alert.
(ii) They will show a normal feeding and drinking behavior.
(iii) Chicks will assume a relaxed and comfortable body posture.
(iv) Chicks will display regular and balanced respiration
(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Coal burning releases various harmful pollutants.
(ii) Specimen E can cause accidental fires.
(iii) Specimen E require regular maintenance, such as ash disposal, and cleaning.
(iv) They may not provide uniform heat distribution.
(v) The use of specimen E in a poultry house contributes to green house emissions.
(2d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Specimen F are often used for brooding chicks or other young animals.
(ii) They are used to extend the daylight period.
(iii) They can be used to control the photoperiod.
(iv) They are used as a supplemental light source in livestock production facilities.
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(3ai)
(i) Preparing the hide or skin
(ii) Tanning
(iii) Dyeing
(iv) Conditioning
(v) Finishing
(3aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Making shoes belts bags and other accessories.
(ii) Upholstering furniture and car seats.
(iii) Making jackets coats and other fashion items.
(iv) Making gloves and sports equipment such as footballs and baseball gloves.
(v) Making book covers wallets and other small leather goods.
(3b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It is considered a delicacy and is rich in protein, low in fat, and a good source of essential minerals.
(ii) Specimen H is used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments.
(iii) It can serve as a source of income generation, job creation, and sustainable livelihoods.
(iv) Studying and observing these snails can foster a greater understanding and appreciation for biodiversity and the natural world
(v) African giant land snails contribute to the natural ecosystem by aiding in the decomposition of organic matter and recycling nutrients
(3c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Specimen J produce and store sperm cells that are necessary for reproduction.
(ii) The testes are responsible for producing sperm cells, which are necessary for the fertilization of female eggs during sexual reproduction
(iii) They influences the development and maintenance of the male reproductive organs, as well as the production of semen and sexual desire.
(iv) The testes also produce and secrete male sex hormones called androgens, with the primary hormone being testosterone which plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissue
(3d)
Castration
(3di)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Castration can help reduce aggressive and unwanted sexual behaviors in male animals, making them safer to handle and reducing the risk of injuries to both animals and handlers
(ii) Castration can help to control the population of male animals and prevent unwanted breeding.
(iii) Castrated animals generally have better meat quality than intact animals since castration decreases aggressiveness and may reduce the risk of boar taint in male pigs.
(iv) It allows farmers to maintain better control over genetics, as castrated animals are not able to pass on their genetic traits.
(v) It eliminates the risk of testicular diseases or injuries and can reduce the incidence of conditions such as testicular torsion or testicular cancer.
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(4ai)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) They are commonly used to apply insecticides, and other parasiticides.
(ii) They can be used to disinfect animal housing, equipment, and other facilities.
(iii) They can be used to apply vaccines for diseases on the animal skin through spraying.
(iv) They can be used for Spraying water or a cooling solution on the animals.
(v) They can be used to clean and deodorize animal holding areas and transport vehicles.
(vi) They can be used to spray nutritional supplements onto the animals’ feed.
(4aii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Select the right chemicals for the specific purpose.
(ii) Always wear appropriate protective clothing.
(iii) Before spraying, make sure to isolate the animals from the spraying zone.
(iv) Maintain a safe distance from the animals while spraying.
(v) After use, clean it thoroughly and store it properly.
(4bi)
(i) Protein
(ii) Fat
(4bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Specimen M contain a good amount of fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
(ii) They are readily available and inexpensive.
(iii) The fiber content in specimen M helps promote proper digestion in rabbits.
(iv) It contribute to environmental Sustainability.
(v) It provides variety and enrichment.
(4ci)
Identification
(4cii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Cattle
(ii) Sheep
(iii) Pigs
(iv) Goats
(v) Horses
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THEORY ANSWERS
(1ai)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) To extend its shelf life
(ii) To prevent spoilage and bacterial growth
(iii) To maintain its nutritional content and quality
(iv) To improve its flavor and texture
(v) To facilitate storage and transportation
(vi) To increase availability and accessibility in areas with limited access to fresh meat
(vii) To reduce waste and save money
(viii) To meet specific cultural or religious dietary restrictions
(1aii)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Ham
(ii) Sausage
(iii) Bacon
(iv) Hot dogs
(v) Deli meats
(vi) Jerky
(vii) Pepperoni
(viii) Corned beef
(1b)
[PICK ANY FOUR]
(i) They are smaller in size compared to commercial breeds.
(ii) They have a more intense flavor and texture.
(iii) They are more resistant to diseases and adverse environmental conditions.
(iv) They are able to forage for their own food.
(v) They are usually raised in free-range systems.
(vi) They have a longer life span than commercial breeds.
(1ci)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Artificial vagina
(ii) Electro-ejaculation
(iii) Massage method
(iv) Manual collection
(v) Transrectal massage
(vi) Epididymal or testicular sperm aspiration
(1cii)
(i) Ensure that the equipment is cleaned and sterilized properly before use.
(ii) Use only high-quality semen from healthy donors.
(iii) Follow proper hygiene protocols to minimize the risk of infection.
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(2ai)
Malnutrition in animal husbandry refers to the condition in which an animal does not receive adequate amounts of required nutrients such as protein vitamins and minerals necessary for proper growth development and maintenance of bodily functions.
(2aii)
(i) Calcium
(ii) Vitamin A
(iii) Methionine
(iv) Lysine
(2aiii)
(i) Calcium
[PICK ANY TWO]
(i) It plays a crucial role in building strong bones and teeth.
(ii) It helps in the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
(iii) It regulates the heartbeat and ensures smooth functioning of the nervous system.
(iv) It helps in blood clotting.
(v) It is required for the secretion of important hormones and enzymes in the body.
(v) It plays a role in maintaining normal blood pressure.
(ii) Vitamin A
[PICK ANY TWO]
(i) It helps maintain good vision and prevents night blindness.
(ii) It boosts the immune system and promotes healthy skin.
(iii) It promotes growth and development.
(iv) It plays a role in the formation of red blood cells.
(v) It supports reproductive health and fertility.
(vi) It has antioxidant properties that help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals.
(iii) Methionine
[PICK ANY TWO]
(i) It is an essential amino acid required for the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) It helps in the metabolism of fats.
(iii) It plays a role in detoxification of the liver.
(iv) It supports the growth of healthy hair and nails.
(v) It helps in the formation of cartilage and collagen.
(vi) It may also have antioxidant properties that help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals.
(iv) Lysine
[PICK ANY TWO]
(i) It is required for the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) It helps in the absorption of calcium and the formation of collagen.
(iii) It plays a role in the creation of carnitine which is important for energy production.
(iv) It plays a role in the production of hormones enzymes and antibodies.
(v) It supports the growth and maintenance of healthy bones and skin.
(vi) It may also have antiviral properties and help prevent the recurrence of cold sores.
(2b)
[PICK ANY TWO]
(i) To monitor and evaluate bird performance: Keeping records of feed consumption weight gain and egg production helps farmers to monitor bird performance and detect any issues such as sickness or poor growth rate.
(ii) To manage feed and medication usage: Records of feed and medication consumption help farmers to manage their stock and plan for future usage.
(iii) To keep track of expenses and income: Keeping financial records is essential for budgeting and making informed business decisions.
(iii) To comply with regulatory requirements: Some poultry farming activities require keeping records to comply with regulations and standards.
(iv) To plan for future production: Records help farmers to forecast future production and plan for necessary adjustments to optimize production.
(v) To improve efficiency: Analyzing records of feed conversion cost of production and bird performance helps farmers to identify areas where efficiency can be improved and implement necessary changes.
(2c)
[PICK ANY FOUR]
(i) Ensure proper drainage: Liver flukes require damp environments to complete their life cycle so proper drainage will help to reduce their population.
(ii) Avoid overgrazing: Overgrazing of pasture by livestock can damage the grass and create ideal conditions for liver fluke infestation.
(iii) De-worm regularly: De-worming of livestock helps to prevent liver fluke infestation by killing the immature stages of the parasite.
(iv) Rotate pasture: Regularly rotating livestock to different pastures helps to break the life cycle of liver flukes by interrupting their access to required habitat.
(v) Boil drinking water: Boiling water for drinking by livestock prevents them from ingesting snails which can harbor infective stages of liver flukes.
(vi) Use snail control measures: Controlling snail populations in water sources and pastures is an effective way of preventing liver fluke infestation in livestock.
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(4ai)
Parasites are organisms that live in or on a host organism, deriving nutrients from the host while potentially causing harm
(4aii)
pests refer to organisms that can cause harm, nuisance, or economic damage to livestock or the production environment.
(4b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Sheep Keds (Melophagus ovinus)
(ii)Sheep Ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor spp.)
(iii)Sheep Lice (Bovicola ovis and Damalinia ovis)
(iv)Sheep Scab Mite (Psoroptes ovis)
(v)Blowflies (Lucilia spp. and Calliphora spp.)
(4bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Sheep Blowflies (Lucilia spp and Calliphora spp)
(ii)Sheep Keds (Melophagus ovinus)
(iii)Sheep Ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor spp.)
(iv)Culicoides midges (Bluetongue and other diseases)
(v)Sheep Mites (Chorioptes bovis and Psoroptes ovis)
(4c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)Pests can cause skin irritation, itching, and discomfort in cattle.
(ii)Pests can cause significant stress and irritation to cattle
(iii)Pests can act as vectors for various diseases, transmitting pathogens to cattle.
(iv)Pests can cause significant stress to cattle, leading to behavioral changes
(v)Blood-feeding pests, such as certain species of flies and ticks, can cause blood loss in cattle.
(vi)Some pests, like rodents, can cause structural damage to cattle housing facilities, feed storage areas, or equipment.
(4d)
(PICK ANY SIX)
(i)Changes in Eating and Drinking Patterns(e.g Decreased Appetite)
(ii)Altered Stool Appearance(e.g Diarrhea)
(iii)Weight Loss or Poor Body conditions
(iv)Changes in Urination( eg urine decoloration )
(v)Respiratory Symptoms(e.g sneezing and Nasal discharge)
(vi)Behavioral Changes(e.g Lethargy and Hiding or Isolation)
(vii)Changes in Fur or Skin(e.g Rough or Dull Coat)
(viii)Eye or Ear Abnormalities( e.g Redness or Swelling)
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(5a)
(PICK ANY SIX)
(i)Implement strict biosecurity protocols to prevent spread of diseases.
(ii)Implement a vaccination program
(iii)Provide a balanced and adequate diet to support the immune system of the sheep.
(iv)Implement effective parasite control measures
(v)Provide clean and well-ventilated housing facilities for the sheep.
(vi)Regularly monitor the health status of the flock and observe for any abnormal behavior.
(vii)Stay updated with the latest research and best practices in sheep health management.
(5b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Ensure that the feed provided to the sheep is of good quality, fresh, and nutritionally balanced.
(ii)Enhance the palatability of the feed by adding flavors
(iii)Pay attention to how the feed is presented to the sheep
(iv)Implement a regular feeding schedule and maintain consistency in feeding times.
(v)Provide enough feeding space to minimize competition among the sheep.
(vi)Regularly monitor the health of the flock and address any underlying health issues promptly.
(5ci)
Introduction : It involves bringing in animals or germplasm (semen, embryos, or genetic material) from outside sources that possess desirable traits or genetic characteristics.
(5cii)
Selection: This refer to the process of choosing animals with desirable traits as parents for the next generation.
(5ciii)
Breeding : This refer to the various techniques and approaches used to mate animals with the goal of improving specific traits or genetic characteristics within a population.
(5d)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)Animal improvement aims to balance the need for genetic improvement with the preservation of genetic diversity within populations.
(ii)Enhancing reproductive performance is a critical aim in animal improvement
(iii)To enhance the resistance and resilience of animals to diseases, parasites, and other health issues.
(iv) Animal improvement helps to enhance the productivity of animals.
(v) Animal improvement aims to achieve genetic progress over generations.
(vi)Animal improvement programs helps to improved animal welfare, ease of management, and safety.
(vii)Animal improvement programs helps to ensure the animals can thrive in their respective production environments.
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OBJECTIVE ANSWERS
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
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11-20: ADDCCABDAA
21-30: BBABDDBCBC
31-40: DCCCCDDADC